covered smut

Thân thiện

A farmer examines a wheat stalk affected by covered smut.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A plant disease affecting cereal grains: "covered smut" refers specifically to a type of fungal disease in grains where the fungal spores (teliospores) are contained within the seed's hull or membrane, often making the infected grains appear normal until threshing.
   • The causative fungus: The term also names the smut fungus (typically of the genus Ustilago or Tilletia) that causes this disease.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The barley crop was severely affected by covered smut, leading to significant yield loss.
  • Farmers must use treated seeds to prevent covered smut in their wheat fields.

Advanced Usage

• In agricultural pathology: The term is used technically to distinguish this disease from "loose smut," where spores are exposed and freely dispersed.
  • Unlike loose smut, covered smut retains its spores within the glumes.

Variants and Related Words

• Smut (n): A general term for diseases of plants, especially cereals, caused by parasitic fungi of the order Ustilaginales, characterized by sooty spore masses.
• Bunt (n): A disease similar to smut, also known as stinking smut, often caused by fungi of the genus .
• Loose smut (n): A related smut disease where the spore masses are exposed and not covered by the grain membrane.

Synonyms

• Seed-borne smut: Emphasizes the disease is carried and transmitted via infected seeds.
• Head smut (in specific contexts): Can sometimes refer to smut diseases affecting the seed head, though this is a broader category.

Related Phrases

• "Smut disease": The general category of plant diseases to which covered smut belongs.
• "Smut fungus": Refers to the pathogenic organism itself.

Related Idioms

Học thuật

Noun

1. a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes